The Recommendation To Improve Market Research Marketing Essay

The Recommendation To Improve Market Research Marketing Essay Nike, Inc. is occupied with the structure, improvement and overall showcasing of footwear, clothing, gear and embellishment items. It offers its items to roughly 18,000 retail accounts in the United States and through a blend of free merchants, licensees and auxiliaries in almost 200 nations. In spite of the reality Nike carrys out everlasting, essential exploration that benefits various aspects of the games and wellness industry, their essential center is to convey which thus is coordinated towards applied examination. Applied examination underlines on momentary activity, for example, effectively achieving another product offerings. This ends up being a quality as this technique for research is less exorbitant than fundamental exploration and less dangerous because of the transient nature. Effective ventures can include moment productivity while fruitless undertakings might be relinquished without confronting huge misfortunes. Center Weakness Applied exploration can be a shortcoming also. Some new, imaginative thoughts appear because of essential exploration. In any case increasingly dangerous and costly, Nike would pick up from the ascent in the essential examination which would reinforce the association with possible chances and legitimate disclosures of which Nike could exploit. Stance Strength Nike as a brand gives its stance a forefront over its different rivals, simultaneously adjusting to making sure about a spot and at different occurrences to make a way to deal with secure a position. Nike smugness is recently being a debut supplier of top notch sports footwear and clothing. Variety in the item has been the way to help Nike in accomplishing its situation as the pioneer in the market. Because of this very situation of Nike in the footwear business, it can bear to look forward giving more accentuation on new items it needs to create when contrasted with different organizations with endeavor to enhance existing items and administrations. Now and again, it needs to change its stance comparable to a specific product offering or territory of items. Nike may likewise pick a guarded technique to discover an answer of some issue right then and there it might should utilize the procedure of utilizing a thought which is all around worked out for different organizations and may a ctualize the equivalent for its own which at the end of the day is imitate what is functioning admirably for different organizations in the business. Advertising Research Quality of Marketing Research Nikes center is relied upon advertising research consistently to profit in keeping up the companys position as the pioneer in athletic footwear and clothing industry. The aftereffect of such investigation empowers Nike to settle on choices with respect to its various divisions. Its choice is profited to recondition the clothing division, a territory where the organization offers various prospects. Nike will orchestrate the inward business by sexual orientation rather than the game class they are utilizing now. They likewise plan to complete greater examination concerning the purchasing propensities for men, who are much of the time thing driven and ladies who are more assortment driven. Confinements of Marketing Research Concentrating on applied examination can be a shortcoming also. Some new, inventive thoughts appear because of essential, vague examination. In spite of the fact that progressively dangerous and costly, Nike would profit by expanding the measure of essential examination we direct bearing in mind the end goal of revealing likely chances of which Nike could exploit. Precise, state-of-the-art data got by advertising exploration can be of huge incentive to Nike as an association in picking up or potentially keeping up its serious edge. In any case, there are various reasons why, in actuality, these potential advantages may not be figured it out: Budgetary constraintsâ assembling and handling information can be over the top expensive. Nike may do not have the aptitude to direct broad studies to accumulate essential information, whatever the expected advantages, and furthermore come up short on the assets to pay pro statistical surveying offices to assemble such information for them.â In these cases, Nike might be compelled to depend on information that is not exactly great yet that can be gotten to all the more economically, e.g., from auxiliary sources. Time constraintsâ Nike are regularly compelled to adjust the need to develop as definite an image as conceivable with respect to client needs and so forth against the longing to settle on choices as fast as could reasonably be expected, so as to keep up or improve their situation in the market. Unwavering quality of the information  the valueâ of any examination discoveries rely fundamentally upon the precision of the information collected.â Data quality can be undermined through various likely courses, e.g., driving inquiries, unrepresentative examples, one-sided questioners etc.â Efforts to guarantee that information is exact, examples are delegate and questioners are target will all add to the expenses of the exploration however such expenses are essential if poor choices and costly missteps are to be evaded. Legitimate Ethical Constraints The Data Protection Act (1998) is a genuine case of a law that has various ramifications for economic scientists gathering and holding individual data.â For example, analysts must guarantee that the information they acquire is kept secure, is just utilized for legitimate purposes and is just saved for whatever length of time that it is necessary.â It must be clarified regarding why information is being gathered and the assent of members must be gotten. What's more, there are various rules, set somewhere near Nike as the Market Research Society, that, in spite of the fact that not legitimately official, urge Nike to carry on morally when managing individuals from people in general. Suggestion to Improve Market Research: Nike should make a make an appropriate financial plan before actualizing a statistical surveying. Nike ought to be give proper opportunity to each statistical surveying. Nike ought to adhere to all the lawful guidelines set down to improve the statistical surveying. Nike should avoid un moral advertising research. Nike ought to recognize it target showcase before each exploration. SWOT Analysis of Nike Qualities Nike is a serious association. Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) is frequently cited as saying that Business is war without shots. Nike has a sound aversion of its rivals. At the Atlanta Olympics, Reebok went to the cost of supporting the games. Nike didn't. Anyway Nike supported the top competitors and increased significant inclusion. Nike has no industrial facilities. It doesn't tie up money in structures and assembling laborers. This makes an exceptionally lean association. Nike is solid at innovative work, as is prove by its advancing and inventive item extend. They at that point fabricate any place they can create top notch item at the least conceivable cost. On the off chance that costs rise, and items can be made all the more economically somewhere else (to the equivalent or better detail), Nike will move creation. Nike is a worldwide brand. It is the main games brand in the World. Its acclaimed Swoosh is in a flash unmistakable, and Phil Knight even has it inked on his lower leg. Shortcomings The association has an enhanced scope of sports items. Nonetheless, the pay of the business is still vigorously subordinate upon a lot of the footwear showcase. This may leave it defenseless if under any circumstances its piece of the overall industry disintegrates. The retail division is value touchy. Nike has its own retailer in Nike Town. Be that as it may, the vast majority of its salary is gotten from selling into retailers. Retailers will in general offer a fundamentally the same as experience to the buyer. Would you be able to disclose to one games retailer from another? So edges will in general get crushed as retailers attempt to pass a portion of the low value rivalry pressure onto Nike. Openings Item improvement offers Nike numerous chances. The brand is furiously shielded by its proprietors whom genuinely accept that Nike isn't a style brand. Nonetheless, similar to it or not, shoppers that wear Nike item don't generally get it to take an interest in sport. Some would contend that in youth culture particularly, Nike is a style brand. This makes its own chances, since item could get unfashionable before it destroys for example buyers need to supplant shoes. There is likewise the chance to create items, for example, sport wear, shades and gems. Such high worth things do will in general have related with them, high benefits. The business could likewise be grown universally, expanding upon its solid worldwide brand acknowledgment. There are numerous business sectors that have the extra cash to spend on high worth games products. For instance, developing markets, for example, China and India have another more extravagant age of buyers. There are likewise worldwide advertising occasions that can be used to help the brand, for example, the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics. Dangers Nike is presented to the global idea of exchange. It purchases and sells in various monetary standards thus expenses and edges are not steady over significant stretches of time. Such a presentation could mean, that Nike might be producing or potentially selling at a misfortune. This is an issue that faces every worldwide brand. The market for sports shoes and articles of clothing is serious. The model created by Phil Knight in his Stamford Business School days (high worth marked item made requiring little to no effort) is currently regularly utilized and to a degree is not, at this point a reason for practical upper hand. Contenders are creating elective brands to remove Nikes piece of the overall industry. As examined above in shortcomings, the retail segment is getting cost serious. This at last implies that purchasers are looking for a superior arrangement. So in the event that one store charges a cost for a couple of sports shoes, the shopper could go to the store along the road to think about costs for the very same thing, and purchase the less expensive of the two. Such buyer value affectability is an expected outside danger to Nike. PESTLE Analysis of Nike Political Analysis The administration must make monetary approaches that will cultivate the development of organizations. Nike, fortuna

Nucleoside Analogue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nucleoside Analog - Research Paper Example Regardless of the amazing accomplishment of this technique, the utilization of deep rooted HBIg for hepatitis B prophylaxis has its confinements. Among others are the significant expense, restricted gracefully and parental organization. The patient needs to often visit the facility as well and requires lab observing. Another issue with HBIg is it’s a blood item not promptly exhorted by doctors. In the event that a more secure non-organic option existed, it would have been extremely simple for the patients. This specific examination inspected 61 patients that went under contributor orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The investigation found that the HBIg suspension an a year least after the transplant with progressive organization of nucleoside and nucleotide simple specialist gives a powerful prophylaxis against repeating HBV contamination. In spite of the achievement of the methodology concerns despite everything endure while applying a similar system to patients with cea seless stable renal brokenness. One repeat case in the investigation seroconverted to HBsAg while being managed oral antivirals (to treat renal brokenness). Henceforth renal brokenness represents an intricacy in applying this technique. Renal poisonousness is as yet a matter of concern with respect to the drawn out use of oral antiviral medications for forestalling HBV. This investigation didn’t show any change in renal practical of patients in any case, the focal point of the examination was not the renal broken, concentrates with bigger terms and follow up ought to be directed to break down this viewpoint exhaustively. Also this examination doesn’t spread connection between hepatitis delta, hepatitis C and pre-transplant hepatitis B viremia, for the danger of hepatitis B advancement on our convention. Subsequently the oral antiviral technique should be performed on okay patients. Liver transplant beneficiaries are at an extraordinary danger of getting hepatitis B aft er liver transplantation. The transplantation performed is a preventive measure against the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) related liver ailment. This investigation by Saab et al. (2011) assesses the viability of the new hepatitis B prophylaxis, fusing transformation from a year of HBIg alongside lamivudine, to ‘combination therapy’. This was finished utilizing oral nucleotide and nucleoside simple. During the exploration (between June 2008 and May 2010) 61 liver transplant beneficiaries altogether, were changed over to a mix of a nucleotide and nucleoside simple. Standard deviation (or the mean) follow-up time after change was recorded at 15.0 (Â ±6.1) months. Repeating HBV came to pass for in just two patients (3.3%) at 3.1 and 16.6 months when HBIg measurements was stopped. The time frequency rate for HBV backslide in the wake of ending the HBIg was determined at around 2.7 cases per 100 man years. HBV backslide was assessed at 1.7% at 1 year in the wake of ending the HBIg . The HBIg end a year least after the liver transplantation with succeeding ‘combination therapy’ with a nucleotide and nucleoside simple, gives successful prophylaxis to battle against repeating HBV contamination. The clinical relationship of HBsAg discoveries, shy of the clinical, sub-atomic or biochemical pointers of repeating hepatitis B, require further examination. One confinement of the investigation was it did exclude a benchmark group. Every qualified patient at the inside were put to double nucleoside and

The Impacts Of Melting Glacier Environmental Sciences Essay

The Impacts Of Melting Glacier Environmental Sciences Essay Obviously the earth is getting more smoking because of an unnatural weather change. It was demonstrated that the measure of CO2 in the climate had expanded from 316 ppm in 1958 to 385 ppm in 2008 (Kirkham 2011, p.370) prompting the Greenhouse impacts and causing numerous natural issues just as particularly compounding the issue of dissolving ice sheets. Numerous inquires about have indicated that icy masses are dissolving quickly and it is probably not going to more slow down. Accept Greenland for instance. On the eighth of July 2012, the level of ice sheet liquefying in this nation was 40%. Be that as it may, after four days, this figure had hopped to ninety-seven percent (Kerthan 2012) (see Appendix 1). Accordingly, a genuine flooding happened in Greenland as of late. This nation contains 10% of the universes new water; yet, all the icy masses are dissolving and it is normal that before this current century's over, the ocean level will have ascended by eighteen to fifty-nine centimeters (Miller and Spoolman 2011). The flood occurred in Kangerlussuaq, has cleared away a significant extension and the busiest business air terminals of the island (The Guardian 2012). Greenland is only one model out of bunches of different nations which are experiencing catastrophes due to icy mass dissolving that undermines their food source including harvests and creatures, and much more terrible, demolishes their homes. In the accompanying part, the impacts of icy mass softening on human life, especially food sources will be illuminated with supporting explicit confirmations and data. The effects of liquefying icy mass Today, the expanding temperature is causing ice tops on Mount Kilimanjaro and ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland to liquefy (Lovgren 2004a) (see Appendix 2). This has brought about the ascent in ocean level, making numerous issues the nature balance. Cold water fish can't endure and even coral reefs are kicking the bucket as the water is getting excessively warm. This messes up individuals angling them as a food source and impacts the fisheries when all is said in done. Moreover, Lovgren (2004b) said that the rising ocean level can impactsly affect low-lying nations, some of which like Indian Oceans Maldives or Nile Delta could be lowered. Not exclusively will angling be influenced however individuals will likewise experience issues in finding higher ground for living. A lopsidedness in natures evolved way of life would be brought about by a dangerous atmospheric devation. As ice sheets dissolve in the Antarctic, the polar bears would be antagonistically influenced since the temperature is unreasonably warm for them to live. Polar bears are completely reliant on ocean ice, you lose ocean ice, you lose polar bears (Malcolm 2004). Moreover, the seal and ocean lion populace that would somehow or another be constrained by polar bears as a component of their eating regimen would duplicate and overpopulation may happen, causing numerous fishes being eaten and drained. This consumption influences fisheries and individuals living in the northern side of the equator since they should then discover other food sources which would be troublesome as their fundamental wellspring of protein and food are fish. It is intriguing that the cold liquefying is the explanation of two inverse impacts: floods and dry season (Mathias 2012). Be that as it may, they are completely associated. The quick ice sheet liquefying will prompt abrupt increment in water contribution to waterways, causing flood up and down the streams (Mathias 2012). Floods could affect earnestly on crops development, it can negatively affect the money related execution of cultivating because of harvest harm à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ diminished harvest and domesticated animals yield and quality/condition (Thorne et al. 2007, p.130). Thusly, our food sources are compromised truly. For example, an ongoing flooding this year in Burma has driven eighty-five a large number of individuals destitute and in excess of 200,000 hectares of rice field overwhelmed (The Guardian 2012). Conversely, dry season is a major issue in different nations since ice sheet softening changes the flows of the seas cold and warm water. It changes the breeze designs that move cloud and mugginess through the air, causing the irregularity in water circulation (Britney 2012). Since May this year, North Korea has been enduring the most extreme dry spell in 105 years which took steps to harm this countrys breadbasket. The zone was additionally told an expected measure of 3.5 million individuals are with the danger of ailing health and starvation (The Telegraph 2012). Moreover, the ascent in ocean level brought about by liquefying ice sheet likewise prompts the interruption of ocean water. This has influenced the new water and land utilized for living and agribusiness. For instance, in Thatta, a significant farming zone in Pakistan, the measure of land reasonable for horticulture has indicated a noteworthy decline. Around 33% of ripe land and developed territories there have been influenced by the seawater interruption (Emerton 2005). This causes misfortunes for crops and genuine harms to domesticated animals because of the lack of field, rangeland, and new water required for steers raising. Effects on rice development might be the most recognizable. As rice is a salt-delicate yield (Adger et al. 2001a, p.248), the expanded saltiness in soil can ruin rice development and influence rice creation. World Bank (2000) showed that expanded saltiness alone from a 0.3 meter ocean level ascent will cause a net lessening of 0.5 million metric huge amounts of rice creation (refered to in Sarwar 2005, p.19). For instance, this saltiness interruption made half 90% drop in rice profitability in the course of recent decades in Tra Vinh territory of Vietnam (Hopkins 1995, refered to in Adger et al. 2001b, p.248). Furthermore, the rising ocean level likewise impacts new water fish. Liu and Esogbue (1999a, p.121) said that ocean level ascent will, more then likely, realize a decrease in the freshwater natural surroundings conditions especially in the streams. In case of such a circumstance, creation of new water fisheswhich can't endure any degree of saltiness in the water is probably going to endure. In places where lake or lake fishery gives the significant wellspring of food and pay, may confront numerous troubles if the ocean level keeps expanding. For example, Liu and Esogbue(1999b) indicated that in numerous beach front areas of Bangladesh, carps is a significant horticultural item and lake culture of carps is generally rehearsed. As indicated by the creators, there were absolutely 105.5 thousand metric huge amounts of carps delivered in freshwater lakes of those regions between the long stretches of 1995 and 1996. In this way, the ascent in ocean level may prompt these lakes being lowere d, causing enormous misfortunes in carp creation. Answers for the issue of softening ice sheet The best way to hinder frosty softening is to hinder an Earth-wide temperature boost. There are numerous measures having been finished. Mankind relies upon consuming non-renewable energy sources for power, yet it increments an unnatural weather change. To reestablish the icy masses we should build vitality productivity and use elective vitality like breeze power, sun oriented vitality, or biofuel (Leon 2008). Innovation advancement like without chlorine paper and Greenfreeze arrangement which is embraced in refrigeration assembling to stay away from CFCs a compound influencing ozone layer (Rose 2010) likewise hinders a dangerous atmospheric devation. Moreover, bargains like Global Black-Carbon or Global Carbon Tax are shaped to draw in nations in the discharges decrease (Dauncey 2009a). For instance, Kyoto Protocol, a worldwide understanding built up in 1997, sets focuses for 37 industrialized nations and European people group to lessen their ozone depleting substances discharges. (Leimkuhler 2010). Different arrangements incorporate ensuring the world woodlands and fields, setting up the worldwide atmosphere assets to help poor nations in embracing atmosphere agreeable advances. In a national degree, governments urge their residents to utilize greener vitality by building up sun powered towns like those in Bangladesh or biological capitals like those in Colombia and Brazil (Dauncey 2009b). All the arrangements need open help, so governments must instruct and persuade their kin to follow the atmosphere benevolent techniques. In addition, they have to help residents associations that are taking reasonable activities to advance and assemble a greener society (Dauncey 2009c). End To close, issues of softening icy mass will even now occur later on in light of the fact that proceeded with increments in worldwide temperature will quicken the pace of icy mass dissolve, ocean ice retreat, and liquefying of the ice tops (Dawson and Spannagle 2009, p.334). Numerous examinations have demonstrated that the earths temperature will keep expanding for certain reasons. Lessening ozone harming substances faces numerous challenges as our cutting edge society will in any case rely upon non-renewable energy sources for vitality (Seeds and Backman 2010, Armstrong and Howarth 2005). Claussen (2001, pp.83-84) expressed that the outflows development in Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and Korea will increment by 66% by 2015 under the most hopeful situations. In light of investigation of gases outflow, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) gauges that the worldwide temperature may show an ascent of 2 °C to 6 °C before the finish of this 21st century (refered to in Holt and West 2011, p.141). Also, regardless of whether ozone depleting substances are balanced out, worldwide air temperature and ocean level are required to keep on ascending for a long time (Mooney et al. 2010a, p.481). The creators clarification for this is the present a dangerous atmospheric devation will prompt further warming of the earth. For example, the dissolving of ice will uncover land and sea region beneath which typically catches more warmth than the ice, causing a hotter planet (Mooney et al. 2010b). An unnatural weather change brings about liquefying icy mass. At the point when the earths temperature keep ascending in years to come, the ice sheets will continue liquefying in a quicker way than it used to, much the same as what Meier and Dyurgerov (2005) expressed ice sheet ice dissolve is quickening as of late, and is probably going to proceed at a high rate into the future (refered to in Braasch and McKibben 2009, p.40).

The law of European Law-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Examine how Power Sharing in the EU Works. Answer: Settlements Under the European law, it has shaped by the standard of law. The law of EU is affirmed intentionally under certain arrangements, which is worked by all EU part nations (Barnard and Peers 2017). The approach under the bargains doesn't started with the 6treties yet the Commission of the nations can worked such arrangements according to the enthusiasm of the law. It depicts an understanding, which is official between EU part nations. The understanding assists with dealing with the EU targets and rules for EU foundations. It assists with taking the choices and sets up a decent connection between the EU itself and its part nations. The Treaties ought to be shaped for the appropriate to the EU law where it could turn out to be progressively proficient and straightforward. It additionally helps in the groundwork for the new nation individuals and presented with the regions of the participation with the strategies and political viewpoints (Kaczorowska-Ireland 2016). The EU bargains assists with understanding the legitimate significance, receive enactments where the part nations can ready to execute. The most significant bargains in EU law are: Arrangement of Lisbon This arrangement is marked and shaped the agreement on thirteenth December, 2007 which is appropriate from first December 2009. The point of the development of the arrangement is depict the arrangement of the EU progressively proficient, increasingly just and assists with understanding the best approach to manage worldwide issues, similar to environmental change, with one voice. It has practice the force, which is, has a place with EU and EU part nations. Settlement of Nice This settlement is marked on the date of 26the February 2001 and from first February 2003 it began to apply in the middle of the nations. The settlement has framed for accomplishing the reason to reorganization of the foundations, which will assist EU with functioning proficiently subsequent to arriving at 25 part nations. Bargain of Amsterdam On the date of second October the Treaty of Amsterdam is marked and applied between the nations from first May, 1999. The motivation behind the settlement is to transformation of the EU organizations in anticipation of the appearance of future part nations. Bargain on European Union - Maastricht Treaty On the date of seventh February 1992 this bargain is marked and material between the nations from first November, 1993. The treat was acquainted with get ready for European Monetary Union and present components of a political association, which incorporates normal remote, citizenship and inward issues arrangement. Single European Act It was marked on seventeenth February 1986 and appropriate between the nations from first July 1987. The point of the bargain isthe transformation of the establishments in anticipation of Portugal and Spain's participation and accelerate dynamic in anticipation of the single market. Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty On eighth April, 1965 the Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty and constrained from first July, 1967. The arrangement has helped in smoothing out the European foundations (Kaczorowska-Ireland 2016). Bargains of Rome : EEC and EURATOM settlements On 25th March, 1957 the Treaties of Rome: EEC and EURATOM bargains was marked and applied between the nations from first January 1958. The bargain has shaped to keep up the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC). Bargain setting up the European Coal and Steel Community This bargain was shaped on the date of eighteenth April 1951 and applied between the nations from 23rd July 1952. The bargain was to shape to satisfy the reason for reliance in coal and steel industry so one nation could no longer assemble their military without others revealing the data. Bargains ought to be framed for the pertinent to the EU law where it could turn out to be progressively effective and straightforward. It additionally helps in the groundwork for the new nation individuals and presented with the territories of the participation with the arrangements and political perspectives (Nugent 2017) References Barnard, C. what's more, Peers, S. eds., 2017. European association law. Oxford University Press. Beetham, D. what's more, Lord, C., 2014. Authenticity and the European association. Routledge. Davies, K., 2015. Understanding European Union Law. Routledge. Kaczorowska-Ireland, A., 2016. European association law. Routledge. McCormick, J., 2014. Understanding the European Union: a succinct presentation. Palgrave Macmillan. Nugent, N., 2017. The legislature and governmental issues of the European Union. Springer.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 8, 2020

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Philosophy And Ethics For Computing And Information Science - 550 Words

Philosophy And Ethics For Computing And Information Science (Research Paper Sample) Content: PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS FOR COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCEName:Tutor:Course:College:City:Date:IntroductionBellows (2009) in his article Categorizing Humans, Animals, and Machines, believes on the uniqueness and superiority of humans as the driving force towards the retailed innovation and the use of different machines. In the same article, Bellows (2009) describes humans differently from other animals as rational and conscious beings that are capable of standing alone (Temple Johnson 2009). In other words, humans are intellectually different from animals and biologically separated from machines (Temple Johnson 2009). This therefore means that the debates about the overlapping relationships between humans, animals and machines are still tumultuous and not easily definable (Bellows 2009). The argument by Bellows also finds support from the classical philosophers who believe that the relationships between humans, animals and machines have always been hierarchical with humans on the top and animals and machines falling below (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). From the classical philosophers point of view, the three categories, humans, animals and machines have always remained distinct and leave no space for overlapping or comparable characteristics.Michael Denton (2001) in his article The Spiritual Machine, believes that the fundamental properties and traits that make human beings machine-like are almost as old as human thought. Michal draws upon the concept of magician model of likeness to capture the essential qualities of the living reality it represented (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). In other words, the magicians model of likeness made Michael to concede that living things are similar in importance to mechanical systems and highly analogous to machines (Francione 2003). On the other hand, it human being and other animals are not machine-like in their unique designs, or rather if human beings, animals and machines differ in all the respects mention ed, then the important aspects of human beings like artificial life, artificial intelligence and other unmentioned characteristics are likely to be instantiated in mechanical systems (Fuller, Sarah Canfield 2003). There are several contracting statements about the differences and overlaps between humans, animals and machines, and the true studies indicated above are only typical examples of the reality (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). Classifying animals as humans find rejection from both scholars and theorist more than the recognition of machines as human. The statement, you resemble an animal may not sink well in some people given the fact that they recognize themselves more superior than other creatures. The statement you resemble and animal may be interpreted abusive and full of contempt while on the other hand, calling a person a machine may appear more of a complement (Fuller, Sarah Canfield 2003). The feelings people attach to machines are more positive then the feeling they at tach to animals and this is one of the reasons why people give different treatments or care to machines compared to animals. Consider, for example, the kind of treatment given to a car and that given to a donkey (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). Even though the two perform almost similar functions (transportation), you will notice that man is more cautious when handing his or her car than when handling a donkey. Such differences and other overlapping characteristics are of interest to this study. Research questionFrom the discussion under the introduction section, it is already clear that there are contradicting opinions and varying views about the classification of humans, animals and machines (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). While some scholars and theorists believe that there are close connections between the three factions, other theorists understand the characteristics of humans, animals and machines to be distinct and non-overlapping (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). This study do es not dispute that fact that there could be overlapping characteristics between humans, animals and machines, but rather sets forth to identify and elaborate on such overlapping traits that make the three categories comparable.The emergence of the mechanistic paradigm, a modern theory that relates nature with the development of organisms, revealed fundamental analogy between living things and machines (Temple Johnson 2009). The modern mechanistic paradigm is based on the common understanding of mechanic laws in which case the functioning of all material objects, both living and non-living, can be explained in terms of structural arrangements and movement of body parts (Donna, Cyborgs Women 2007). In his own words, Rene Descartes states, I believe the body to be nothing but a machine, and that is why we can see the clocks, artificial fountains, and other important machines that only man can make move as designed (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). Precisely, could there be differences and overlapping characteristics between man, animal and machine? And if such differences and overlaps exists, at what level can man and animal be considered a machine, or is it possible for man and animal to be replaced with machines?The open discussion about the modern version of machine is based on the understanding that machines operate as animals or rather humans can be transformed into machines through the process known as animalization (Donna, Cyborgs Women 2007). The history of man is considered inferior because some people were consider less equal and more of animals than others, for the example the relationship that existed between barbarians and slaves (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). The experiences that the slaves had as well as the Iraqi detainees made them to be classified as anthropological machines. Most of the duties that were performed by these groups of individuals reflected the experiences that animals go through when they interact with humans with no feelings and emotions. The classifications given in this study retails around human or animals characteristics like life, conscious, language, feelings and emotions. Before going deep to discuss the differences and overlapping characteristics, there is need to understand the various opinions presented by scholars and how such opinions open space for further investigations (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). Descartes is one of the philosophers whose views are widely used as the foundation for similar studies. In his understanding, Descartes believes humans are represented with characters that are superior to those of animals and machines. Superiority in this context introduces another trait that is of more importance, rationality. According to Descartes, whatever is rational should have a language and because neither animals nor machines have language, they cannot be rational and therefore lacks the important characteristic of human (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). However, Descartes argument is limit ed to language and rationality, and does not recognize the technological progress that has taken place. With the incorporation of technology, we now have human-like machines with almost similar characteristics. People have created highly intelligent and rational human robots that also have life (Donna, Cyborgs Women 2007). The main question that remains unanswered is, by the virtue that language and rationality defines what is human and what is not human and given the fact that these human created robots cab speak and are also rational, do they qualify to be human? This research uses the perspectives of computer science to identify the differences and similarities between man, animals and machine (Chris, Cyborg Citizen 2002). Even though computer science is the basic area of focus, the study research will also considered questions linking to practicality, philosophical and ethical believes (Bellows 2009). After the literature, findings and discussions, the research ends with a conclusion, which draws the similarities and differences between man, animal and machine. Literature reviewMan and Animal From the natural law of science, animals could be intelligences, but not the same levels of human intelligence. According to Premark (2004), different animals have specialized in some forms of intelligence, which to some level make them human-like. For example, bees are known to send messages by either performing a dance, producing scent or making sound while flying. Similarly, a nuthatch is perhaps the only animal that can remember the cache location of many acorns (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). From these two examples, we can realize that even though the animals have intelligence, the condition is limited to their specialized functions and cannot be passed on to other functions. In our everyday lives, we have observed or rather heard instances where a chimpanzee mimics the actions of another chimpanzee. Even though there is effective message sent through this f orm of action that an animal can mimic and learn from the environment just like human beings, teaching has never been encountered in the animal kingdom (Birke, Linda Parisi 2008). Precisely, intelligence among animals has never been flexible since they can only learn from their own experiences unlike human beings (Bellows 2009). In general, learning through imitation could be the best approach towards making humanoid robots because the approach provides a major distinction between animals and human beings. Apart from intelligence, Premark presents a case where language can be used to explain the difference between animals and humans. In this context, Premark argues that no single animal is known to use spoken language...

The Alchemist Characters

The characters in The Alchemist are a reflection of the genre of the novel itself. As an allegorical novel, each character represents something more than a mere being living and operating within a fictional context. In fact, The Alchemist itself, aside from being structured like a quest-oriented adventure novel, is a parable of fulfilling one’s own destiny. Santiago A shepherd boy from Andalusia, he is the protagonist of the novel.  His parents wanted him to become a priest, but his inquisitive mind and headstrong personality made him choose to become a shepherd instead, since that would allow him to travel the world. Following a dream about pyramids and buried treasures, Santiago travels from Spain to Egypt, with stints in Tangier and in the El Fayyoum oasis. In his journey, he learns various lessons about himself and about the laws governing the world from a peculiar cast of characters. He is both a dreamer and a self-satisfied, down-to-earth youth—a stand-in for mankind’s impulse to both dream and remember one’s own roots.   Starting his adventure as a shepherd, he becomes a spiritual seeker thanks to his encounter with Melchizedek, and, as he progresses in his quest, he becomes acquainted with the mystical force that imbues the world, called the Soul of the World. Eventually, he learns how to read omens, and is able to communicate with natural forces (the sun, the wind) and supernatural entities, such as the Hand That Wrote All, a stand-in for God. The Alchemist He is the novels’ title character, who lives at the oasis and can turn metal into gold. The alchemist is another teacher figure in the novel, guiding Santiago through the last leg of his trip. He is 200 years old, travels on a white horse with a falcon perched on his left shoulder, and carries a scimitar, the Philosopher’s Stone (capable of turning any metal into gold), and the Elixir of Life (the cure for all ills) with him the whole time. He mainly speaks in riddles and believes in learning through action instead of through verbal institution, as the Englishman does. Under the alchemist’s guidance, Santiago learns to communicate with the world around him, eventually leaning into his own supernatural abilities. Thanks to the alchemist, he undergoes a transformation that echoes the nature of alchemy—the transformation of an element into a more valuable one.  He is connected to the Soul of the World, which provides him with supernatural powers. However, despite the powers that allow him to turn any metal into gold, the alchemist is not motivated by greed. Instead, he believes he has to purify himself before turning any common element into a precious metal. Old Woman She is a fortune teller who interprets Santiago’s dream of pyramids and buried treasures in a straightforward manner and makes Santiago promise he will grant her 1/10 of the treasure he is poised to find. She pairs black magic with iconography of Christ.   Melchizedek/King of Salem A wandering old man, he introduces concepts such as Personal Legend, The Soul of the World, and Beginner’s Luck to Santiago. He also gives him a set of stones, Urim and Thummim, that will answer, respectively, yes and no. Melchizedek is the one who, metaphorically, transforms Santiago from a simple shepherd into a spiritual seeker, and is the first character to showcase any use of magic in the novel.  He is actually a powerful figure of the Old Testament, who was awarded 1/10 of Abraham’s treasure for blessing him.   Crystal Merchant The crystal merchant serves as a foil to Santiago. A merchant in Tangier with a less-than-friendly disposition, he hires Santiago to work at his shop, which results in his business soaring. His Personal Legend consists of making a pilgrimage to Mecca, but he accepts the fact that he will never fulfil his dream.   The Englishman He is a bookish individual obsessed with acquiring knowledge with books, he is determined to learn the ways of alchemy by meeting the mysterious alchemist who is said to live by the El Fayyoum oasis. Given the allegorical nature of The Alchemist, the Englishman represents the limits of knowledge acquired from books.   Camel Herder He was once a prosperous farmer, but then a flood destroyed his orchards and he had to find new ways to support himself. In the novel, he has two functions: he teaches Santiago the importance of living in the moment, and shows how wisdom can be acquired from the most unlikely sources. The camel herder is a keen observer of the omens coming from God. Fatima Fatima is an Arab girl who lives at the oasis. She and Santiago meet when she is filling her water jug at one of the wells, and he falls in love with her. The feeling is mutual, and, being a woman of the desert, she supports Santiago’s quest instead of feeling petty or jealous, knowing that it’s necessary for him to depart, so that he will eventually be able to come back. Even when he hesitates to leave her, she convinces him that he has to go, since she trusts that, if their love is meant to be, he will make it back to her.   Fatima is the love interest of Santiago, and Coelho explores love through their interactions. She is the only female character that’s fairly developed. In fact, she demonstrates that she, too, can understand omens. â€Å"Ever since I was a child, I have dreamed that the desert would bring me a wonderful present,† she tells Santiago.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Now, my present has arrived, and its you.† The Merchant The merchant buys wool from Santiago. Since he worries about scams, he asks him to shear the sheep in his presence.   The Merchant’s Daughter Beautiful and intelligent, she is the daughter of the man who buys wool from Santiago. He feels a mild attraction towards her. The Tribal Chieftain of Al-Fayoum The Chieftain wants to maintain Al Fayoum as a neutral ground, and, as a consequence, his rule is strict. Yet, he believes in dreams and omens.