Why did the industrial structure that emerged in mid Essay

Why did the industrial structure that emerged in mid nineteenth-century Scotland endure for as long as it did - Essay Example The present status is that it has established its own parliament in Edinburgh to vote on wide-ranging political issues while remaining part of the United Kingdom. Most Scottish industry and commerce is concentrated in a few large cities on the waterways of the central lowlands. Edinburgh, on the Firth of Forth, is a cultural center, the administrative capital of Scotland, and a center of paper production and publishing. Glasgow, one of the largest cities in Great Britain, lies on the Clyde. It is Scotlands leading seaport and a center of shipbuilding and it supports numerous light industries. Although heavy industry has declined, the high-technology â€Å"Silicon Glen† corridor has developed between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Several changes occurred in structure of industries with the passage of time (Campbell, 1985). The significance of coal, once Scotlands most important mineral resource, has declined. Oil, however, gained prominence in Scotlands economy during the 1970s, with the growth of North Sea oil extraction companies. Natural gas is also abundant in the North Sea fields. Other important industries are textile production (woolens, silks, and linens), distilling, and fishing. Textiles, beer, and whisky, which are among Scotlands chief exports, are produced in many towns. However one should remember that the industrial revolution that occurred in Scotland in 18th century laid foundation for the present prospect of industries (Lee, 1995). Moreover the industrial structure followed by Scotland in mid nineteenth century had several strong advantages which helped Scotland to achieve its present growth. Keeping these points in view, the present study has been conducted with the following objectives. Literature relating to the industrial structure in Scotland in mid nineteenth century was reviewed systematically. Information regarding the problems that existed, inherent strengths and dominant industries present in Scottish society in mid nineteenth

Evaluating Business Communication Paper Assignment

Evaluating Business Communication Paper - Assignment Example The various communication to managerial personnel and to the members of the accounting department were appropriate for the intended audience. The memo from John, the Accounting Team representative was also expected by the CEO, William. The leadership roles and styles in the scenario affectively established the kind of tone, the structure of the correspondence, and the manner by which the messages would be written. The memo between managers are formal and expected to be structured in a language that is familiar to personnel of managerial position. Likewise, the memo from John to the CEO aimed to be structured in a formal tone, but could still be improved. As briefly noted above, the memo sent by John to the CEO could be improved. The tone should be formal. Likewise, the entire communique should have been proofread extensively to be free from errors. From the memo that was written by John to the CEO, it was evident that there were grammatical errors (the way JJJ Company was written where the word Company was sometimes written in full, sometimes abbreviated, and at times, the abbreviated ‘Co.’ was even written in lower case). In addition, there were some statements that should not have been included (‘Beth requested all financial reports even though some of them were not required’) as the implication, with the rest of the information in the third paragraph, would be immaterial for the CEO. Also, the last statement which says: ‘If you have any questions, please contact me’ could still be improved as the structure seemed to be an order to the CEO which is not appropriate. The sender could have said, ‘If there are further queries in the disclosed information, I would be more than willing to relay it at your most convenient time’. In other correspondences, the memos were structured with some aspects similar to a business

Racism in the United States of America Coursework

Racism in the United States of America - Coursework Example With one step forward to curb the vice, America has appeared to make another step behind in the matters concerning racial understanding (Wise, 2013). In the last century, the face of racism was largely whites against blacks, but today racism is multi-colored and has a multicultural face; it has expanded to include antagonism among people of different cultures. Americans made history by electing Barrack Obama as the President of the most powerful nation on the earth. Obama defied expectations in the campaigns by influencing the citizens with his call for hope and change. Since the country chose a black President, some quarters have suggested that racial barriers have been broken. They claim that the long-standing social chauvinism against blacks is a thing of the past since Americans chose a black person to govern them. Some events in the recent past indicate that America has a long way to go so as to have equity among all races (Wise, 2013). The number of people arrested and jailed in the last few decades has increased in America. A majority of the arrests has been associated with the fight against drugs. Although both the whites and blacks have been involved in the illegal activity, the blacks comprised the majority of the people who got arrested. A report by Human Rights Watch in 2008 indicated that although the blacks comprise 14% of the of drug abusers, 37% of the individuals arrested for the offense were black Americans. Consequently, blacks, who comprise 13% of the American population and about 15% of drug abusers, are 37% of the offenders put in custody because of drug crimes (Miah, 2010). Statistics indicate that the police check blacks and Latinos at a higher rate when compared to the whites. In the city of New York, 80% of the police stop involved blacks and Latinos.

Organizational Concept Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Concept Worksheet - Essay Example So it can be understood that when new operational processes are implemented in an organisation, it constitutes a process of change. Such changes could border on the purchase of new plant and machinery, training of new employees on how to carry out new tasks This confirms findings from previous research (Bolman and Deal,1999) that two thirds of organisational change efforts meet resistance that make them to bypass the intended goals. An even dismal figure is revealed by Carr et al (in Smith, 2003) that only 10 percent of orgainsations actually succeeded in institutionalising a new management style or corporate vision , with 90 percent facing vigorous challenges. Such trend has frequently prompted researchers to investigate the challenges to implementing change in an organisation. Resistance to change usually comes when employees in that organisation take a contrary stance to a new operating system that needs to be implemented. One of the greatest challenges (resistance) to implementing systemic change has been identified to be the difficulty to dismantle an existent corporate culture. This corporate culture, as seen by Mintzberg et al (1998) is a shared commitment to beliefs that encourages consistency in an organisation’s behaviour and way of doing things, thereby discouraging changes in strategy. The above view gives support to the work of Kotter and Heskett (see Smith, 2003) who note organisations that have been successful in the past may persist in their cultural values even though these values inhibit the organisation from adapting to a changing business environment. The persistence in cultural values, according to Lorsch (see Mintzberg, 1998) acts as a prism that blinds managers to opportunities resulting from changing external conditions. Corporate culture therefore implants a system whereby the organisation develops the tendency to adhere to beliefs that have worked in the past, though they may not be working at the time the change is

How to lose your weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to lose your weight - Essay Example We try sometimes to keep attending the gym or going for five laps around the field every day. But, how many times do we find ourselves missing due to many excuses and being tired? All these only show us how much we struggle to lose weight, by putting on the willpower, but many a times we are weakened by our programs and weaknesses. Everyone likes being lean, especially ladies. Being lean helps us to live healthily with less susceptibility to dangerous diseases such as obesity, high-blood pressure, heart attack and cardiac arrest among others. We, therefore, employ various practices to help us lose weight to achieve this state. However, some of the practices we employ have other effects on us, if we dont do them right. In this essay, our main focus will be on some practices we employ to help us lose weight and their possible effects on our health. One main reason people gain weight faster is the excess amounts of food they intake, especially the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are rich in calories that can make us fat very fast. To help us avoid increasing weight due to excess intake of carbohydrates, we can kill our appetite to allow us take less food and eat appropriately. Adequate portions of food should be taken, and this should be balanced for a balanced diet. We should reduce the number of times they eat per day and get used to leaner diets. A lot of proteins should be included in every food portions one would server. In as much as this method works to help people lose weight, some people overdo it, which causes negative effects to their health. Instead of just reducing the quantities of food that they take, some people end up starving since they want to lose weight faster. Starving has negative effects that will leave one very weak and susceptible to many diseases still. Conditions such as ulcers may also come in when one starves too much. Some people also decline to take carbohydrates and any food portion with fat at all. This may also make one grow

DE 8032 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DE 8032 - Essay Example This is usually run by organizations for profit and contributions paid by people. Additionally, social insurance is also used where employees and employers make compulsory contributions in form of premiums to cater for non-employed individuals (Pauly, McGuire & Barros, 2011). The financing structure, as well as, payer mix is different in these different funding modes. This is especially so in the in the general taxation. General taxation is very efficient because of its containment aspect. Additionally, it’s financing strategy forces prioritization of cash limited healthcare budgets set by the government allowing tradeoffs with other public health priorities like reduction of poverty and education. There is a low administrative cost in this mode of funding and can assist individuals during difficult times. This is because of the fact that it draws revenue from a wide base in minimizing distortions in economic sectors. One of the organizations that has really benefited from this funding methodology is the National Cancer Institute. Additionally, national institute of health is another institution that is funded using the general tax. Organizations are usually dynamic structures that are managed like other systems and they usually function excellently when their components are designed to operate together efficiently and smoothly. Therefore, alignment of healthcare organizational mission, vision and values with the department, division as well as individual performance should be enhanced. Leaders can achieve this by building an efficient leadership system that integrates individual performance with the organization’s mission and vision. This can also be achieved obtaining and maintaining long-term support by the governing executives. This can also be achieved by allowing people to generate ideas which will enhance their performance and as well as cohesion. Leaders can embark on setting appropriate strategies that will enhance individual

How Tax Cuts can revive the Economy Essay Example for Free

How Tax Cuts can revive the Economy Essay Tax cuts have been employed in the government’s fiscal policy especially during times of economic slowdown to revive the economy. When the economy is slumping, the people’s consumption power also slumps. The aggregate demand for goods and services in the market also falls. This creates a shock wave which hits industries like manufacturing, the housing sector and the service industry hard, leading to rising levels of unemployment (Toomey Soloveichik 2009). At such a time, a cut in taxes becomes one of the mechanisms available for pumping some life into the economy. Tax cuts for economic revival target especially people in the lower and middle classes. When implemented, tax cuts increase the amount of disposable income, that is, income after taxation, in the pockets of these people. Disposable income is perhaps the most critical factor in consumption. The availability of more money to spend in the pockets of the masses raises the aggregate demand for goods and services, creating jobs in the various sector of the economy therefore increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Toomey Soloveichik 2009), a key indicator of the state of the economy. A cut in taxes works like a raise in salary. Tax cuts take effect through the multiplier effect which can be defined as the ratio of change between aggregate economic output (represented by the GDP) and a change in taxes since not all disposable income after a reduction in taxation rates actually translates to direct consumption. The multiplier, obtained by multiplying the marginal propensity to consume with the expenditure multiplier, is used as an indicator to the change in fiscal policy induced government taxes required to result to a desired level of aggregate output. If coupled with increased government expenditure on services like health and education (which could actually be termed as an integral part of the cuts or economic stimulus package), tax cuts can revive the economy (Toomey Soloveichik 2009).