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Question: Discuss About The Architectural Engineering Design Management? Answer: Introducation Behavior and personality of a person heavily depends on the cultural and societal background that person is from. A business organization operates on human resource and when two or more people come together there are certain ways of mannerisms and globally accepted principles that have to be followed to maintain respect, honesty and a sense of professionalism. The study that deals with the human behavior in an institutional or organizational setting is called organizational behavior. It is the process of analyzing the interaction, communication. It is important to understand the trends of organizational behavior to motivate the employees and help them to increase high efficiency. There are two divisions to organizational behavior firstly it deals with the nature of human beings and secondly the nature of an institution. The concept that are studied under organizational behavior have significant impact on improving the productivity and ensuring high performance of the employees of the organization, it also helps in increasing the level of job satisfaction, encouraging leadership and promoting innovation and creativity. Several ideas and planning of policies and decision making takes place in an organization so that positive outcomes are achieved from the work force of the company in order to generate high performance. It is not only important for the general aim and objective of the company it also plays a significant role in achieving smooth day to day operations (Christina et al. 2014). Common policies and decisions taken by the management owing to the concept of organizational behavior are: reorganization a group so that people get more opportunity to work with each other rather than adjusting to a group which he or she may be unhappy with, improving and execution of employee friendly method of performance assessment, improving the remuneration and compensation policies etc. In order to understand the importance of organizational behavior here is an example, differences in the cultural background of the people working together is good for the organization but a kiss on the check as a way of appreciation is a western culture where as it is regarded as offensive in some eastern cultures. Organizational behavior study offers the management insights about the diverse cultural background of the resources employed in organization. It provides the management with an opportunity to identify the challenges and issues faced by the resources and help the management find a solution to the problems and issues (Christina et al. 2014). Together with the human resource department, the management and the executives of an organization are able to formulate policies and take decisions to make the work culture of the organization more efficient for the employees. One of the significant aspects of organizational behavior is motivation. Motivation is very important to make the employees feel that the work they are doing for the company is valuable and that the company is happy to have them. It is seen that motivation increases the work efficiency and appreciation gives an individual a boost of confidence. Maslows needs theory works in an organization as it give the management an idea about what can motivate an individual. It is easy to think that monetary increment behaves as an incentive, but it is always not the case (Wood et al. 2016). The next theory is the ABC model of attitude describes that there are three basic elements that affect the attitude of an individual: affective, behavioral and cognitive. A certain situa tion, circumstance, thought, idea or any other individual might impact the attitude of an individual this is called the affective attitude. For example, two associates in an organization have an argument over a certain topic therefore refusing to work as a team with each other. When an individual interacts or counter acts with an attitude its called behavior. Example: An employee offers a resignation because he or she had an argument or a disagreement with the senior or a fellow employee. Cognitive element is the thought that is associated with an attitude. Example: A person bows down to represent hour and respect and the other person appreciates the effort and reciprocates (Christina et al. 2014). For a business organization it is very common to face a crisis situation on a daily basis. For example: health and safety of the employees are a common issue when it comes to oil and gas industry. There are several incidents of falls, explosions and exposure to hazardous gas and chemicals. The industry has received a lot of criticism and complaints regarding the ethical stand point of the industry in these cases. In order to combat the situation and reducing the incidents of occupational dangers that are associated with the industry several technological and innovations are in the pipeline for the management of these companies to implement. Guideline and rules that are set by third party authorities are strictly followed in order to reduce accidents and health hazards. Another ethical issue that is commonly faced by organization is the gender discrimination. Women and men being treated in a different way is one of the most common issues of the society since ages. It is seen that some companies offer night shifts only to men workers to safeguard the women employees from various problems that can occur due t night shifts. But it is debatable how fair it is for the male employees. Rotational shifts can be introduced and a choice can be offered to both the male and the female employees to opt for night shifts. Special compensation for people working in the night shifts can be introduced in order to motivate the workers (Wood et al. 2016). According to Zhou, Meier and Spector (2014) discusses about counterproductive work behavior. The impact of this is negative in the work culture and organizational behavior along with the daily operation of the business. The employees who are highly agreeable that is they understand the reasons for a policy or a decision taken by the management tend to be more supportive than the others who are not easy to convince. Furthermore, the people who are highly conscientious are careful and take their job seriously in a responsible manner. Apart from this the resources that have a high emotional stability offer a positive impact on the work culture as a whole motivating and inspiring people around to increase efficiency and encourage high performance. However, job satisfaction is directly responsible to the amount o stress a person is in the work environment. Attitude is a significant and useful aspect in an individual. It drives a person towards positivity or negativity, for example an indi vidual with a positive attitude and is motivated in nature, this aspect will drive the person to work in a better and improved manner and guarantee high performance without any external motivation form the management. It is also seen that positive attitude is contagious and it influences people around to work better as well. Positive attitude helps a person have a positive outlook to any crisis situation as well, which in turns helps that person to deal with the situation better (Baldonado 2015). Organizational behavior study also helps the human resource department of a business organization in the hiring process as it clearly designated the qualities and the attributes that will be required for the vacant place in the organization. Understanding of Organizational behavior provides the management aid with rules, regulations and guidelines for the smooth operation on a daily basis (Demirtas and Akdogan 2015). Job satisfaction is the level at which a person feels committed towards an organization in respect to the type of work, work environment work culture etc. Factors that determine job satisfaction are firstly remuneration or the salary that the employee is being offered in exchange for the service and the job that he or she has to perform for the organization is the primary reason of job satisfaction for many people. An employee gets a boost of confidence and morale when they are being appreciated by their seniors or co-workers; this is an important abstract factor affecting job satisfaction. Sometimes organizations become too strict on the rules and regulations to the extent where the employee starts feeling chocked within the organization (Pinder 2014). Hence it is important for the management to involve in a mixture of formal and informal approach in interaction and communication. It is important to have an interactive relation in between an employee and the management of the compan y in order to create a situation of ease and comfort. Lastly, if the work that the employee is engaged in is not pleasing him or her; or doesnt cater to his or her forte then it may be difficult for him to continue with the job reducing the satisfaction level even if the remuneration and other factors are positive (Demirtas and Akdogan 2015). Management should care about the job satisfaction level and organizational commitment as it offers high rate of employee retention which in turn increases the goodwill of the company in the industry and also among the employees. Motivated and satisfied employee ensures high performance and high productivity for the organization which is very important and also ensures that the work environment in the organization is happy and content. Reference list: Baldonado, A.M., 2015. Workplace fun: Learning from google, southwest airlines, and facebook.International Journal,15. Christina, S., Dainty, A., Daniels, K. and Waterson, P., 2014. How organisational behaviour and attitudes can impact building energy use in the UK retail environment: a theoretical framework.Architectural Engineering and Design Management,10(1-2), pp.164-179 Demirtas, O. and Akdogan, A.A., 2015. The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), pp.59-67. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N., 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Zhou, Z.E., Meier, L.L. and Spector, P.E., 2014. The role of personality and job stressors in predicting counterproductive work behavior: A three?way interaction.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,22(3), pp.286-296.